Black shales

Core of the Month: May 2022. Oil from Shale: The KGS-IMMR Mississippian-Devonian Black Shales Cores. Dave Harris, Energy and Minerals Section.

First, that black shale deposition was the result of basin-wide anoxic conditions (Murphy et al., 2000; Chen and Sharma, 2016; Bingham-Koslowski et al., 2016). According to this explanation, black shale deposition should be isochronous and the relationship between black shales and gray shales should be abrupt vertical contacts. Second, that ...In order to constrain the evolution of the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, and geochemical cycles of elements, a systematic and multidisciplinary study of inorganic geochemistry and stable isotope geochemistry was conducted using Archean– Paleoproterozoic black shales, graywackes, and red shales.The overlying ∼2.6 Ga-Black Reef Formation separates the Ventersdorp Supergroup from the Chuniespoort Group, in the Transvaal Supergroup. The Chuniespoort Group hosts the Malmani Subgroup black shales that formed in a shallow seaway, constrained by detrital zircon U−Pb dating to an age of ∼2.588 ± 0.006–2.46 ± 0.005 Ga .The Early Toarcian, organic-rich, black shales of the Cleveland Basin, Yorkshire UK, are the type sediments for the supposed early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event. The sediments have values of Cd/Mo that are <0.1 and values of Co (mg/kg) × Mn (%) that are >0.4. These values are typical of sediment deposited in modern basins that are ...This study involves a comprehensive and detailed lithological, sedimentalogical, structural and geochemical description of the lower Ecca Group in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The Ecca group hosts a ~ 245 million year old organic-rich black shale, which has recently been the focus of interest of petroleum companies worldwide. The shale was deposited under anoxic conditions in a setting ...Black shales have been of increasing interest in recent years due to their oil and gas potential, but also because many are enriched in nonfuel "unconventional" …Brown-black to green-black shales predominate throughout the Ohio/New Albany interval, interbedded with occasional thin beds of siltstone and silty shale. The Cleveland Member was subdivided into upper and lower segments for each core based on organic carbon content: the lower section consistently has a lower carbon content (less …

Black shales of Devonian age in the Appalachian basin are a unique rock sequence. The high content of organic matter, which imparts the characteristic lithology, has for years attracted considerable interest in the shales as a possible source of energy. Concurrent with periodic and varied economic exploitations of the black shales are geologic ...The average Meductic black shale, as deduced from the Bright Eye Brook Formation at the base of the Tetagouche. Group, shows high values of V and Ba, moderate ...Dec 31, 2020 ... Composition, stratigraphic and structural position of Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous radiolarian-rich siliceous rocks and black shales are ...3. Black shales date back to late Proterozoic times and are widespread during Phanerozoic age. 4. Origination of black shales is explained by a number of models. A common aspect of most of these models is the formation of a density stratified water column, which prevents oxygenation of deeper waters. 5.Nov 1, 2001 · Both preservation and productivity models have been proposed for transgressive black shales. Thus, plankton bloom-stimulated anoxia is commonly invoked (Leckie et al., 1990, Middelburg et al., 1991, Coveney et al., 1991), whereas others have suggested they may record the expansion of ‘normal’ basinal conditions during base-level rise, with the result that sub-pycnocline deposition is ... Black shale Clarke values are the average trace element contents in the World black shales. It is well known that black shales (carbonaceous, mainly marine sedimentary rocks) often are metalliferous and/or bituminous: enriched in U, V, Mo, Re, many other trace elements, and "shale oil". That is why the Clarke values for black shale are very ...

The Ohio Shale is subdivided into seven recognizable units: Cleveland Shale, Three Lick Bed, Upper, Middle, and Lower Huron, Olentangy, and Rhinestreet. The Olentangy and Rhinestreet black shales correspond to the Java Formation of West Virginia, and thin and pinch out westward. A summary of reservoir data for the Big Sandy GasWe target the Alum Shale in Sweden, which represents a relatively continuous sedimentary succession of black shales deposited across this time interval. These organic-rich shales allow us to apply proxies that more directly characterize both local and global redox conditions in the later Cambrian ocean: iron speciation, trace metal abundances ...Black shales of the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian Bakken Formation are characterized by high concentrations of organic carbon and the hyper-enrichment (> 500 to 1000s of mg/kg) of V and Zn. Deposition of black shales resulted from shallow seafloor depths that promoted rapid development of euxinic conditions. Vanadium hyper-enrichments, which are unknown in modern environments, are ...Brown-black to green-black shales predominate throughout the Ohio/New Albany interval, interbedded with occasional thin beds of siltstone and silty shale. The Cleveland Member was subdivided into upper and lower segments for each core based on organic carbon content: the lower section consistently has a lower carbon content (less …Black shale and carbonate rocks are the two most targeted geological archives for measuring U isotopes as they are the two major oceanic sinks for U (Andersen et al., 2016). In most modern oxygenated environments, the U isotopic composition in carbonate approximates seawater because the structural incorporation of UO 2 (CO 3 ) 3 4− results in ...

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Feb 20, 2019 · Early Cambrian black shales are widely distributed on the southeastern margin of the Yangtze platform, South China (Guo et al., 2007; Wen et al., 2015; Fig. 1).They formed under a variety of physicochemical conditions due to variable contributions of continental and biotic components with increasing water and burial depth, and they have been shown to contain relatively high V concentrations (e ... ... black shales deposited at depths of about 500-1500 m on seamounts, Monteiro et al. (2012) have suggested that at least 50 vol% of the ocean was anoxic at ...Black shales occur in a pivotal part of the classic Kansas cyclothem originally described by Moore (1936) and designated the core shale by Heckel (1977).The terminology differentiates this shale from other shales in the cyclothem, particularly the thicker nonmarine shales that separate the marine bundles of units that compose the majority of the cyclothems.The Carboniferous (Namurian) Clare Shale Formation (Shannon Group) consists of finely laminated, pyritic, deep marine black shales, deposited 326.5-318.5 Ma (Menning et al., 2006; Wignall and Best, 2000).The black shale sequence is up to 180 m thick at surface, (Tanner et al., 2011), with a maximum observed thickness of 280 m in the 'Doonbeg No 1' drill hole, Co Clare (Goodhue and ...A ∼20 m thick unit of dolomitic, pyritic, and finely laminated organic-rich shale (total organic carbon [TOC] up to 6%; Donnelly and Jackson, 1988) occurs within the upper part of the lower Wollogorang Formation.Disseminated pyrite within the black shale is typically fine-grained and euhedral (i.e., syn-depositional pyrite formation within a euxinic water column; Wilkin et al., 1997) with ...

Shale, any of a group of fine-grained, laminated sedimentary rocks consisting of silt- and clay-sized particles. Shale is the most abundant of the sedimentary rocks, accounting for roughly 70 percent of this rock type in the crust of the Earth. Shales are often found with layers of sandstone or.Upon oxidative weathering of black shale in surface environments, the enriched reduced fractions of As within pyrite (FeS 2) or arsenopyrite (FeAsS) minerals can cause the release of ferrous Fe, sulfuric acid, and exceptionally high concentrations of As(III) or As(V) into the watershed, which is a key reason for the high As accumulation in ...2.2 Description of Shale Material. The cores were black-dark and belong to carbonaceous shale. Evident bedding structures of alternating thin and thick layers can be observed on the core surface. The cores have obvious bedding structure, and they were obtained from a depth about 20 m underground, as shown in Fig. 2. The tested shale cores have ...Mesozoic oceanic anoxic events are determined based on the presence of black shales that are rich in organic carbon. These black shales contain huge amounts of carbon sufficient to source the majority of the petroleum and natural gas (Schlanger & Cita, 1982).Multiple periods of widespread anoxic conditions (Fig. 2) have been recorded in the Mesozoic Era (Schlanger & Jenkyns, 1976).The black shale of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Qianjiang has the characteristics of high organic matter content and high maturity, and the thickness of the high-quality shale section is relatively large, which is comparable with Pengshui. The minimum TOC value of the high-quality shale section of sublayers 1-5 ranges from 0.92 wt% to 2.35 ...The black shales are composed of quartz, illite, kaolinite and traces of pyrite in some samples. Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 ratios in the coals (6-62) and black shales (16-34) suggest a mixture of felsic and intermediate igneous rocks as sources for their detrital fractions, which is supported by the Zr-Ti binary plot. V/(V+Ni) ratios average between ...... black shales of the US Midcontinent'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. black shale Earth & Environmental Sciences 97%. mineral Earth & Environmental ...This fine-grained shale facies is dark grey to black in colour (Fig. 2 a).With respect to the bedding, the outcrops of these facies are very thin-bedded to thinly laminated and fissile in some parts while medium to massive in other areas (Fig. 2 a).The shales are highly fractured at some outcrop locations, possibly due to the composition, high fine sand/silt content, or tectonic activities.

The black-shale intervals lack bioturbation and feature mm-thick sub-layers of varying dark-grey and sometimes grey-green colour (in web version). Occasionally, small 1-2 cm thick limestone layers are intercalated (e.g., in couplet 2). The prominent black-shale intervals in couplets 7 and 9 lack limy sub-layers.

The black shales contain a presumably authigenous mixed-layered illite-smectite mineral, rich in illite end-member, as is typical for thermally mature or overmature shales, whereas all OM features and composition (biomarkers, Rock-Eval pyrolysis parameters, vitrinite reflectance) suggest that the sequence is thermally immature to early mature (Marynowski et al., 2011, Marynowski et al., 2017).Black shales are a common lithofacies throughout the geologic record (Wignall, 1994). They consist of original muddy deposits rich in organic matter and sulfides. Black shales are favorable host rocks for many types of ore deposits (Grauch and Huyck, 1989, Starostin and Yapaskurt, 2007). Among them gold is very important, and many …uraniferous black shales; in some black shales, phosphatic nodules and layers with 0.02 to 0.1 percent uranium contain much of the uranium in the shale, but in other uraniferous black shales the nodules contain only 0.001 to 0.003 percent uranium. The biogenic phosphate that settles into a rela­Cd in paddy soil was primarily from geogenic source and effected little by anthropogenic source. The concentration as well as mobility and bioavailability of Cd were high in paddy soil in black shales area, which lead to elevated Cd concentration in roots, shoots and grains of rice. As a result, residents in black shales area suffer increased ... The black shale faithfully records major geological events, such as tectonic processes, volcanic activity, and upwelling across the O/S transition, and this study can serve as a reference for research on the accumulation of OM at other sites. Declaration of competing interest.The focus of this study is on the relatively thin Upper Ordovician organic-rich black shale units that were earliest documented from Southampton Island during 1960s-1980s, but which are typically poorly outcropping and were of uncertain age and correlation (Nelson, 1963, Nelson, 1964; Sanford et al., 1968; Sanford, 1970; Nelson and Johnson, 1976; Macauley, 1986; McCracken and Nowlan, 1989).The Barnett Shale, Marcellus Shale, Haynesville Shale, Fayetteville Shale, and other gas-producing rocks are all dark gray or black shales that yield natural gas. The Bakken Shale of North Dakota and the Eagle Ford Shale of Texas are examples of shales that yield oil. Some additional tests were performed on black shales, since these rocks play a critical role in the Os budget. Fe oxides from the surface of MO 370, a very altered LH black shale, were scraped off and analyzed to determine their Os isotopic composition and Os and Re concentrations (Table 4).. A relatively fresh part of this black shale was also analyzed for comparison.

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Black shales of the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian Bakken Formation are characterized by high concentrations of organic carbon and the hyper-enrichment (> 500 to 1000 s of mg/kg) of V and ZnA possible, but untested, sequestration strategy is to inject CO{sub 2} into organic-rich shales. Devonian black shales underlie approximately two-thirds of Kentucky and are thicker and deeper in the Illinois and Appalachian Basin portions of Kentucky than in central Kentucky. The Devonian black shales serve as both the source and trap for ...This study involves a comprehensive and detailed lithological, sedimentalogical, structural and geochemical description of the lower Ecca Group in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The Ecca group hosts a ~ 245 million year old organic-rich black shale, which has recently been the focus of interest of petroleum companies worldwide. The shale was deposited under anoxic conditions in a setting ...The chemistry of Pennsylvanian-age shales has long been of interest to geologists and geochemists. Pennsylvanian-age shales in the midcontinental United States, which vary in color from light gray to pitch black, are present in a thin layer averaging 70-cm thickness over an area of {approximately}600 000 km{sup 2}.Under anoxic conditions, they are reduced, presenting an insoluble state or reacting with sulfides and organic matter (Chaillou et al., 2002, Tribovillard et al., 2006). As a result, RSEs always show authigenic enrichment in sediments (e.g., black shale) under reducing conditions, which become their major effective sink in the ocean (Algeo, 2004).The black shale samples analyzed in this study originate from marginal marine sediments deposited from ∼2.66-2.084 Ga. South African samples cover a drill core depth of 85-2,440 m, with ages constrained to ∼2.66-2.32 Ga. The oldest originate from the Bothaville Formation, a part of the protobasinal rocks of the Ventersdorp Supergroup. ...Black shales occur widely in the Lower Cambrian and Neoproterozoic strata on the Yangtze Platform, South China. In this study, Lower Cambrian black shales from Xiuning section and Late Neoproterozoic black shales from Weng'an section were studied and Pb isotopic compositions were analyzed following a stepwise acid-leaching technique.The majority of black shale samples in the Dongyuemiao member show a positive correlation between porosity and T max when the T max ranges from ∼440°C to ∼465°C. This correlation consists of the tendency of Posidonia Shale (Type II) ( Han et al., 2017 ) and seems to suggest the thermally driven pore generation, e.g., the secondary OM pore. ….

Summary. The Global Geochemical Database for Critical Metals in Black Shales (CMIBS) contains new geochemical data compilations for fine-grained sedimentary rocks in which each geologic material sample has one 'best value' determination for each analyzed species, greatly improving speed and efficiency of use (Granitto and others, 2013).Black shale. This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page. A shale with at least 1% carbonaceous material indicating a reducing environment. A dark, thinly laminated carbonaceous shale, exceptionally rich in organic matter (5% or more carbon content) and sulfide (esp. iron sulfide, usually pyrite ), and often containing ...Black shales are currently of interest in geochemical and geological investigations because they may host gold and platinum deposits or petroleum and natural gas fields. To ensure the accuracy of analysis of such samples, standard reference materials SCHS-1 and SLg-1 are now being certified at the Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS, …Shale gas is a type of natural gas generated from organic-rich black shale [10, 11]. When permeability and porosity were both low, shale may have been an effective natural gas reservoir [ 12 ]. Shale gas can be stored in several ways, including free gas in natural fissures and intergranular porosity, gas dissolved onto kerogen and clay surfaces ...The black shale of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Qianjiang has the characteristics of high organic matter content and high maturity, and the thickness of the high-quality shale section is relatively large, which is comparable with Pengshui. The minimum TOC value of the high-quality shale section of sublayers 1-5 ranges from 0.92 wt% to 2.35 ...Organic matter (OM)-hosted pores are important constituents of the pore system of black shales and play a crucial role in determining their methane adsorption capacity and porosity. OM-hosted ...The black shale or coal shale is included in the Guryongsan Formation in the Dukpyungri and Iwonri areas (Lee et al., 1980). METHODS Sampling of rocks and soils was carried out in the 11 study areas. Most rock samples were taken from available outcrops of black shales and slates in the Guryongsan and Changri Formations, and a number of ...A possible, but untested, sequestration strategy is to inject CO{sub 2} into organic-rich shales. Devonian black shales underlie approximately two-thirds of Kentucky and are thicker and deeper in the Illinois and Appalachian Basin portions of Kentucky than in central Kentucky. The Devonian black shales serve as both the source and trap for ... Black shales, [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1]