Phytophthora megakarya

Oct 29, 2018 · Indonesia is a cocoa producing country with production of 425 thousand tons per year. However, production continues to decline, among others, caused by Phytopthora megakarya cause of fruit rot ...

However, black Pod Rot (BPR) disease, caused by Phytophthora megakarya, is of particular concern to farmers and researchers because since the beginning in the late 1970s the yield losses caused by this disease have dramatically increased. P. megakarya is the mostNyassé, S., Despréaux, D., Cilas, C., Validity of a leaf inoculation test to assess the resistance to Phytophthora megakarya in a cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) diallel mating design, Euphytica 123 (2002) 395 – 399. CrossRef Google ScholarBlack pod rot, caused by Phytophthora megakarya, is the main cause of cocoa losses in Cameroon.A few studies have focused on describing black pod epidemics in cocoa yet numerous questions remain. Here, an epidemiological model describing the temporal evolution of cocoa black pod, taking into account the development stages of pods, is developed and studied.The separation of the Phytophthora palmivora complex into P. palmivora and P. megakarya on the basis of morphology and karyotype is justified by the finding that these species have characteristic electrophoretic patterns of buffer-soluble proteins and enzymes. Oospores produced in matings of P. megakarya A1 and P. palmivora A2 in pure culture …La diversite genetique des isolats de phytophthora megakarya provenant de quelques pays d'afrique centrale (cameroun, gabon et sao tome) et d'afrique de l'ouest (nigeria, togo et ghana) a ete etudiee par des marqueurs biochimiques (isozymes) et moleculaires (rapd). La separation de cette espece en deux grands groupes correspond bien a la ...Microsatellite markers for population studies of Phytophthora megakarya (Pythiaceae), a cacao pathogen in Africa Michael Mbenoun 2012, American Journal of BotanyIn other studies, orthologues of NEP1 gene were cloned and characterized in Phytophthora megakarya; indicating that it is a fungal agent for black pod disease in Theobroma cacao (cacao). After observing the necrotic lesions in cacao leaves sprayed with NEP1 (Bae et al. , 2005) for 10 days, the constitutive expression of this protein was noted.Dec 11, 2015 · Phytophthora megakarya was more aggressive than P. palmivora on attached SCA-6 pods, causing expanding necrotic lesions with or without wounding. Phytophthora megakarya is predominant in the Volta region of Ghana and it remains to be seen whether it can displace P. palmivora from cacao plantations of Ghana as it has in Nigeria and Cameroon.

Phytophthora megakarya were investigated. Root colo-nization by AM fungi is between 50 and 70% 18 weeks after planting. Tested AM fungi significantly increased all the plant growth parameters ...There was a significant genetic correlation between pod rot rate in the field and leaf test data, so using this resistance test could shorten cocoa tree selection cycles. Cocoa pod rot, caused by different Phytophthora species, is rife in all production zones. Phytophthora spp. control is therefore a major challenge for world cocoa cultivation, and selection of resistant material is a priority ...Download scientific diagram | Spatial distribution of Phytophthora megakarya infections (2009-2016) in a cacao plantation in Kédia, established in 2006 from publication: Combining field ...Mar 2, 2015 · Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & Griffin, is one of the Oomycete pathogens reported on Theobroma cacao,and it is the most virulent of the Phytophthora species that causes black pod disease. Phytophthora megakarya was first reported as the causal agent of black pod disease in 1979 after the reclassification of Phytophthora species recovered from ... Phytophthora was confirmed from 149 of the 402 samples (37%), and from plants in 22 different host families. Phytophthora tentaculata was the most frequently detected species in our survey ...Black pod rot, caused by Phytophthora megakarya, is the main cause of cocoa harvest losses in Cameroon.Field experiments were carried out over two successive years in two smallholders’ plots of cocoa trees, in order to assess the impact of diseased pod removal (phytosanitary pod removal) on disease progress, total production and final harvest.Feb 14, 2017 · Plant materials. To identify the cacao responses to Pmeg and Ppal infection, various plant inoculation studies were carried out. For all the pod husk and leaf disc inoculation assays, Catongo cacao trees susceptible to Phytophthora; Crouzillat et al., 2000) were maintained in a USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD greenhouse at 60% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 12 h light at 25 ± 3°C and 12 h ... Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & Griffin, is one of the Oomycete pathogens reported on Theobroma cacao,and it is the most virulent of the Phytophthora species that causes black pod disease. Phytophthora megakarya was first reported as the causal agent of black pod disease in 1979 after the reclassification of Phytophthora species recovered from ...

Studying spatial and temporal plant disease dynamics helps us to understand pathogen dispersal processes and improve disease control recommendations. In this study, three cacao plots devoid of primary inoculum of Phytophthora megakarya (causal agent of cacao black pod rot disease) upon establishment in 2006 were monitored for presence of disease on a weekly basis from 2009 to 2016. Ripley's ...Phytophthora megakarya, Thevetia peruviana, extract, biocontrol, black pod disease. INTRODUCTION . The protection of plants against crop diseases and . pests is a key factor in the increase of cr op .Phytophthora megakarya is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes black pod disease on cocoa trees in West and Central Africa.Cocoa [Phytophthora megakarya L.]) Septiana 1)* , Suskandini Ratih Dirmawati 1) , Rusdi Evizal 1) 1) Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung, Jl. Prof. Soemantri

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Phytophthora là một chi Oomycetes gây hại cho cây, các loài trong chi này có thể gây hại kinh tế lớn đối với các vụ mùa trên toàn thế giới cũng như gây tổn môi trường hệ sinh …Apr 1, 2003 · In Cameroon, Phytophthora megakarya is the causal agent of black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao L). Primary inoculum of P. megakarya is located in the soil. With the onset of the rainy season, this primary inoculum is activated and through rain splash cacao pods become infected. P. megakarya and P. palmivora are closely related among the Phytophthora spp. causing disease on cacao, and are both members of clade 4 of the 10 clade system based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of genomic rDNA commonly used in the genus (Cooke et al. 2000).A description is provided for Phytophthora megakarya. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cacao. DISEASE: Black pod of cacao. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: West Africa including Nigeria. TRANSMISSION: By rain splash from soil (an important source of infection ...Feb 14, 2017 · Plant materials. To identify the cacao responses to Pmeg and Ppal infection, various plant inoculation studies were carried out. For all the pod husk and leaf disc inoculation assays, Catongo cacao trees susceptible to Phytophthora; Crouzillat et al., 2000) were maintained in a USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD greenhouse at 60% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 12 h light at 25 ± 3°C and 12 h ...

PDF | On Oct 1, 2014, J.B. Mbarga and others published A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya ...Phvytophthora megakarya is a devastating oomycete pathogen that causes black pod disease in cacao. Phytophthora species produce a protein that has a similar sequence to the necrosis and ethylene inducing protein (Nep1) of Fusarium oxysporum. Multiple copies of NEP1 orthologs (PmegNEP) have been iden …Phytophthora megakarya is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes black pod disease on cocoa trees in West and Central Africa. This pathogen can cause detrimental yield losses in the economically important cocoa industry worth about $70 billion annually. It can damage any part of the tree and cause total yield loss, which can easily reach 20-25%.Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora, Closely Related Causal Agents of Cacao Black Pod Rot, Underwent Increases in Genome Sizes and Gene Numbers by DifferentMechanisms Shahin S. Ali, Jonathan Shao, David J. Lary, Brent A. Kronmiller, Danyu Shen, Mary D. Strem, Ishmael Amoako-Attah, Andrew Yaw Akrofi, B.Phytophthora megakarya is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes black pod disease on cocoa trees in West and Central Africa. This pathogen can cause detrimental yield losses in the economically important cocoa industry worth about $70 billion annually. It can damage any part of the tree and cause total yield loss, which can easily reach 20-25%.Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & Griffin, is one of the Oomycete pathogens reported on Theobroma cacao, and it is the most virulent of the Phytophthora species that causes black pod disease. Phytophthora megakarya was first reported as the causal agent of black pod disease in 1979 after the reclassification of PhytophthoraBlack pod rot, caused by Phytophthora megakarya, is the main cause of cocoa losses in Cameroon.A few studies have focused on describing black pod epidemics in cocoa yet numerous questions remain. Here, an epidemiological model describing the temporal evolution of cocoa black pod, taking into account the development stages of pods, is developed and studied.Phytophthora megakarya and its potential to promote cacao growth and induce biochemical defence, Mycology, DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2017.1300199Chitosan and chitin sources have emerged as promising groups of biological substances that can induce plant growth and resistance to diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the potential effect of chitosan and snail shell to promote cocoa growth and induce resistance against Phytophthora megakarya. The results showed that treatment of cocoa seeds with chitosan at 1.5 to 2.0% and snail ...0. Applications; Cell Products; Microbe Products; Services; Careers; Support; Location: United StatesIn Cameroon, Phytophthora megakarya is the causal agent of black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao L). Primary inoculum of P. megakarya is located in the soil. With the onset of the rainy season, this primary inoculum is activated and through rain splash cacao pods become infected. From there repeated cycles of pod infection, …

La diversite genetique des isolats de phytophthora megakarya provenant de quelques pays d'afrique centrale (cameroun, gabon et sao tome) et d'afrique de ...

1. Introduction. Black pod disease, caused by Phytophthora megakarya, is one of the major diseases of cocoa that small-scale farmers are facing in West and Central Africa. In Cameroon, severe economic losses in cocoa production, which ranged from 30% to 80% were caused by this disease in all cocoa-growing regions where no proper control measures were applied [1], [2], [3].Phytophthora megakarya is an increasingly important invasive pathogen of cocoa in West Africa, where it forms part of the black-pod disease complex together with the more widespread, but less aggressive, P. palmivora.Its purported centre of diversity, based on evidence from molecular studies and mating types, lies on the Cameroon-Nigeria border, from where it has spread throughout both ...Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & Griffin, is one of the Oomycete pathogens reported on Theobroma cacao,and it is the most virulent of the Phytophthora species that causes black pod disease. Phytophthora megakarya was first reported as the causal agent of black pod disease in 1979 after the reclassification of Phytophthora species recovered from ...PDF | On Mar 20, 2015, W. L. Nana and others published In-vitro Fungitoxic Effect of Cold and Hot Water Extracts of Three Ocimum Species on Fungi Causing Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) Root ...The cocoa black pod disease is caused by a fungus Phytophthora sp, which comprises two main species (Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora megakarya) commonly found in Ivorian cocoa plots and which cause significant damage. Despite numerous studies, this disease continues to spread and even more so Phytophthora megakarya, which did not exist in Côte d'Ivoire, is beginning to spread ...For example, the species of Phytophthora fungus (Phytophthora palmivora, Phytophthora megakarya, and Phytophthora capsici) cause black rod/pod rot, which leads to a 20-30% loss in yield and 10% mortality of cacao (Bridgemohan and Mohammed, 2019).The impact of soil treatments on black pod rot (caused by Phytophthora megakarya) of cacao in CameroonPhytophthora ramorum is the causative agent of sudden oak death ( Garbelotto et al., 2001; Rizzo et al., 2002) and is capable to infect more than 100 plant and fern species ( Haun, 2011 ). P. ramorum is featured with a predominant aerial dissemination ( Davidson et al., 2005) and infects tree through intact bark.

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Phytophthora megakarya is predominant in the Volta region of Ghana and it remains to be seen. whether it can displace P. palmivora from cacao plantations of Ghana as it has in Nigeria and Cameroon ...In order to protect cacao against Phytophthora megakarya , the most aggressive pathogen of this plant in Cameroon, a study was carried out on hybrid genotypes of the family F79SA of cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.) to investigate the effect of inoculation of the biofertilizers Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata on the phenolic compound content in hybrid genotypes after leaf infection ...The black rod disease of genus Phytophthora caused up to 20–25% loss (700,000 metric tons) in world cacao production. The role of tcGASA genes in conferring fungal resistance was also explored based on RNAseq data …Kajian Kitosan Sebagai Agens Pengendali Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao (Phytophthora megakarya L.) ...Pod rot caused by the oomycete Phytophthora mega- karya is t he most deva stat ing d iseas e of t he co coa plant, claiming up to 30 % of the world cocoa harvestPhytophthora megakarya, the causative agent of cacao black pod disease in West African countries causes an extensive loss of yield.In this study we have analyzed 4 libraries of ESTs derived from Phytophthora megakarya infected cocoa leaf and pod tissues. Totally 6379 redundant sequences were retrieved from ESTtik database and …Studying spatial and temporal plant disease dynamics helps us to understand pathogen dispersal processes and improve disease control recommendations. In this …Phytophthora megakarya and P. palmivora, Causal Agents of Black Pod Rot, Induce Similar Plant Defense Responses Late during Infection of Susceptible Cacao … ….

On the other end, several genome assemblies had high repeat content, namely, P. megakarya, Phytophthora hibernalis, and Phytophthora pinifolia contained 32.94, 32.46, and 33.00%, respectively. Fig. 1. Analysis of 31 Phytophthora species shows an abundance of repetitive elements. Species are shown in phylogenetic clade order; clade designations ...Aug 1, 2015 · Nana et al. (2015) estimated the MIC of clove EO on Phytophthora megakarya at 250 μL/L on solid medium. For P. parasitica, the highest anti-oomycete activity was highlighted for clove EO with ... Black pod rot, caused by Phytophthora megakarya, is the main cause of cocoa harvest losses in Cameroon.Field experiments were carried out over two successive years in two smallholders’ plots of cocoa trees, in order to assess the impact of diseased pod removal (phytosanitary pod removal) on disease progress, total production and final harvest.Phytophthora megakarya was first reported in 1985, even though there isevidence that the fungus might have existed earlier. Until then. only Phytophlhora palmivora which'Phytophthora megakarya thrives in very humid climates. Although soil texture plays a central role in the epidemiology of some Phytophthora species (Corcobado et al., 2013), there is a dearth of infor-P. megakarya and P. palmivora are closely related among the Phytophthora spp. causing disease on cacao, and are both members of clade 4 of the 10 clade system based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of genomic rDNA commonly used in the genus (Cooke et al. 2000).Phytophthora megakarya was more aggressive than P. palmivora on attached SCA-6 pods, causing expanding necrotic lesions with or without wounding. Phytophthora megakarya is predominant in the Volta region of Ghana and it remains to be seen whether it can displace P. palmivora from cacao plantations of Ghana as it has in Nigeria and Cameroon.Black pod disease (BPD) is the major cocoa pathology constraint caused by an Oomycete, Phytophthora megakarya prevailing in African cocoa producing countries. The development of T. cacao planting material tolerant to BPD lies on cross-pollination of Phytophthora megakarya, [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1]